Class 9th - Is Matter Around Us Pure?
People as a resource refer to the concept of human capital, where individuals contribute to economic productivity through their skills, knowledge, and abilities. Unlike natural resources, human resources can grow and develop with education and experience.
Human resource differs from land and physical capital because it involves the skills, creativity, and knowledge that individuals possess. Unlike land, which is fixed, and physical capital, which can be acquired and utilized, human resources are dynamic and can be improved through education and training.
Education plays a crucial role in human capital formation by enhancing individuals' skills, knowledge, and abilities. It prepares individuals for the workforce, improves productivity, fosters innovation, and contributes to economic growth and development.
Health is essential for human capital formation as it influences individuals' productivity, well-being, and ability to contribute to economic activities. Good health reduces absenteeism, improves cognitive abilities, and enhances overall productivity.
Health plays a crucial role in an individual’s working life by influencing their energy levels, productivity, and overall well-being. Poor health can lead to absenteeism, reduced productivity, and increased healthcare costs for employers.
The primary sector includes activities like agriculture, mining, and forestry. The secondary sector involves manufacturing and construction. The tertiary sector comprises services such as retail, education, healthcare, and finance.
Economic activities involve the production and distribution of goods and services for monetary gain. Non-economic activities, on the other hand, are performed out of personal or social motives without any intention of earning income or profit.
Women are often employed in low-paid work due to gender discrimination, limited access to education and training, societal expectations, and lack of opportunities for career advancement.
Unemployment refers to the state of being without a job despite actively seeking employment. It indicates underutilization of labor resources and is measured by the unemployment rate within a population.
Disguised unemployment occurs when individuals appear to be employed but are not fully utilized in productive activities. Seasonal unemployment, on the other hand, results from fluctuations in demand for labor during specific seasons or periods of the year.
Educated unemployment is a peculiar problem in India due to the rapid increase in the number of educated individuals entering the job market without corresponding opportunities for suitable employment. Factors include mismatched skills, slow job creation in high-skilled sectors, and inadequate infrastructure for entrepreneurship.
India can potentially build maximum employment opportunities in sectors such as information technology, healthcare, education, renewable energy, manufacturing, and infrastructure development. These sectors have significant growth potential and can absorb a large workforce with appropriate skills and training.
To mitigate the problem of educated unemployment, the education system can focus on curriculum reforms to align with industry needs, promote vocational training and skill development, encourage entrepreneurship and innovation, establish industry-academia partnerships, and enhance career counseling and placement services.
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