Population CBSE Notes Class - 9th Ch- 6 Geography

Population Size and Distribution

---

---

India’s Population Size and Distribution by Numbers

1. As of March 2011, India’s population was 1,210.6 million, which accounts for 17.5% of the world’s population.
2. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state, contributing about 16% of India’s population.
3. Almost half of India’s population lives in five states: Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, and Andhra Pradesh.

India’s Population Distribution by Density

Population Density: The number of persons per unit area.

1. In 2011, the density was 382 persons per sq km.
2. India is one of the most densely populated countries in the world.

Population Growth and Processes of Population Change

Population Growth

1. Absolute numbers: Difference between two census years (e.g., 2001 and 2011).
2. Percentage change per year: Annual growth rate (e.g., 2% per annum means 2 additional persons per 100 base population annually).

Processes of Population Change/Growth

1. Birth rates: Number of live births per 1000 persons per year. Higher in India compared to death rates.
2. Death rates: Number of deaths per 1000 persons per year.
3. Migration: Movement of people across regions and territories.
   1. Internal: Within the country (e.g., rural-urban).
   2. International: Between countries.

Population Composition

Age Composition

1. Children (Below 15 years): Economically unproductive, need care.
2. Working Age (15–59 years): Economically productive and biologically reproductive.
3. Aged (Above 59 years): Not typically part of the workforce.

Sex Ratio

➥ The number of females per 1000 males. An important social indicator of gender equality.

Literacy Rates

➥ Aged 7 years and above, capable of reading and writing with understanding. As per the 2011 Census, India’s literacy rate was 73%.

Occupational Structure

1. Primary activities: Agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, fishing, mining, etc.
2. Secondary activities: Manufacturing, construction, etc.
3. Tertiary activities: Services like transport, communication, and administration.

Health

➥ Health impacts development. Improved through:

1. Prevention of infectious diseases.
2. Use of modern medical practices.

Adolescent Population

➥ Adolescents: Aged 10–19 years, constituting one-fifth of India’s population. They have higher nutritional needs compared to other age groups.

National Population Policy

Objectives of NPP 2000

1. Provide free and compulsory education up to 14 years of age.
2. Reduce infant mortality rate below 30 per 1000 live births.
3. Achieve universal immunisation for children.
4. Promote delayed marriage and family welfare.

Special Emphasis on Adolescents

1. Protection from unwanted pregnancies and STDs.
2. Education on risks of unprotected sex.
3. Accessible contraceptive services.
4. Provision of food and nutritional supplements.
5. Strengthening legal measures against child marriage.

---

---

Subscribe for More